HR. Tubuh dan Darah Tuhan: hari ke 60 setelah Paskah

Kamis 3 Juni, Pesta kelas 1 (Hari Raya wajib).
Warna liturgi: Putih

Proper misa dapat dilihat di sini (Virgo Mater Die)

(illustrasi: Michael Camille, Gothic Art: Glorious Visions, New York; Abrams 1996)

Sejarah

Pesta Corpus Christi (nama lengkapnya: Corpus et Sanguis Christi), atau Hari Raya Tubuh dan Darah Kristus (dinamakan demikian kini), bisa ditelusuri asal-usulnya kembali ke abad ke-13.
Akan tetapi pesta ini merayakan sesuatu yang jauh lebih tua: institusi Sakramen Perjamuan Kudus di malam perjamuan terakhir.

Pada 1246, Uskup Robert de Thorete dari keuskupan Belgina dari Liège, atas saran biarawati Juliana dari Mont St Cornillon (juga di Belgia), mengadakan sinode dan melembagakan perayaan pesta ini.
Dari Liège, perayaan itu mulai menyebar, dan, pada September 8, 1264, Paus Urbanus IV menerbitkan bula kepausan "Transiturus de hoc mundo," yang meresmikan Pesta Corpus Christi sebagai perayaan universal Gereja, yang akan dirayakan pada Kamis setelah Minggu Trinitas (minggu pertama setelah Pentakosta)

Atas permintaan Paus Urbanus IV, St Thomas Aquinas menulis ofisi (doa resmi Gereja) untuk pesta ini.
Ofisi ini secara luas dianggap salah satu yang paling indah di dalam Brevir tradisional Roma (brevir tradisional = buku doa resmi, Liturgi Jam Kudus), dan merupakan referensi himne Ekaristi terkenal "Pange Lingua Gloriosi" (di Indonesia: Puji Syukur no. 502) dan "Tantum Ergo Sacramentum" (Puji Syukur, PS 558 dan 559)

Selama berabad-abad setelah perayaan ini diperluas mencapai keseluruhan Gereja universal, perayaan itu juga dirayakan dengan prosesi ekaristi, di mana Hosti Kudus diarak ke penjuru kota, disertai dengan pujian dan litani.

Sementara itu, umat beriman memuliakan Tubuh Kristus saat prosesi melewati mereka.
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, praktik ini telah hampir menghilang, meskipun beberapa paroki masih terus melaksanakannya


dari Kitab Hukum Kanonik :

 

Kan. 944 § 1	Jika menurut penilaian Uskup diosesan dapat dilaksanakan, sebagai kesaksian publik penghormatan terhadap Ekaristi mahakudus, hendaklah diselenggarakan prosesi lewat jalan-jalan umum, terutama pada hari raya Tubuh dan Darah Kristus.
Kan. 944 § 2	Uskup diosesan bertugas menetapkan peraturan-peraturan mengenai prosesi, dengannya dijamin partisipasi serta kepantasannya.

Kan. 1246 § 1

Hari Minggu, menurut tradisi apostolik, adalah hari dirayakannya misteri paskah, maka harus dipertahankan sebagai hari raya wajib primordial di seluruh Gereja. Begitu pula harus dipertahankan sebagai hari-hari wajib: hari Kelahiran Tuhan kita Yesus Kristus, Penampakan Tuhan, Kenaikan Tuhan, Tubuh dan Darah Kristus, Santa Perawan Maria Bunda Allah, Santa Perawan Maria dikandung tanpa noda dan Santa Perawan Maria diangkat ke surga, Santo Yusuf, Rasul Santo Petrus dan Paulus, dan akhirnya hari raya Semua Orang Kudus.

Kan. 1246 § 2

Namun Konferensi para Uskup dengan persetujuan sebelum- nya dari Takhta Apostolik, dapat menghapus beberapa dari antara hari- hari raya wajib itu atau memindahkan hari raya itu ke hari Minggu.

(PS: berdasar Kan 1246 point 2, di Indonesia HR. Tubuh dan Darah Tuhan dirayakan pada Minggu kedua setelah Pentakosta)



Prosesi 
(foto dari Komunitas TLM Melbourne, 2009)

 

 (ilustrasi: Camila, webnya tidak diketemukan lagi)

Referensi:

Corpus Christi: The Body and Blood of Christ
Corpus Christi (feast)

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Update:
Dari Fr. Z (klik)

In the 1975 Missale Romanum, after the texts for the Mass, there is a note that the observance of the feast of Corpus Christi can be transferred to Sunday.   In the newest edition, the 2002MR, we read not about the transferal of the feast, but rather:

Expedit ut processio fiat post Missam, in qua hostia in processione deferenda consecretur. Nihil tamen impedit quominus processio peragatur etiam post publicam et protractam adorationem quae Missam sequatur… 

It is advantageous that a procession be held after the Mass, in which the Host to be borne in procession is consecrated.   However, nothing prevents the procession from being held after the public and extended adoration which follows Mass….

In other words… really, folks, you should have a procession!

The Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of the Lord celebrates the institution of the Eucharist in a more focused way than it is even on Holy Thursday, in the context of the Triduum.

It was established by Pope Urban IV in 1264 and its Mass and Office composed by St. Thomas Aquinas.   The feast itself was inspired by a great miracle.

In 1263 a German priest, Peter of Prague, making a pilgrimage to Rome stopped at Bolsena. He was having serious doubts about the Real Presence of Christ in the Host.  While celebrating Holy Mass in Bolsena at the tomb of the virgin martyr St. Christina, at the consecration blood began to drip from the Host.  The Host bled over his hands onto the altar and the corporal (the linen cloth spread under the Host and chalice during Mass).

Fr. Peter stopped the Mass and asked to be taken to the neighboring city of Orvieto, where Pope Urban was in residence with his court (also there were St. Bonventure and St. Thomas).  The Pope listened to the priest’s account then began a complete investigation.  Afterward, Urban ordered the bishop of the diocese to bring to Orvieto both the Host and the linen corporal stained with the blood. The Pope made a great procession with the entire papal court out of Orvieto to meet the other procession approaching with the Host and corporal.

He brought the relics to Orvieto, where the great new cathedral church or “Duomo” was raised for their display, the cornerstone laid in 1290.  They are still visible in Orvieto today.  The gold reliquary is one of the wonders of medieval craftsmanship and religious aspirations.  Pope Urban prompted the drafting of an Office and Mass for the new feast which he instituted in August 1264.
Anyone going to Rome would do very well to travel north also to Orvieto, which is not far at all, to see the magnificent cathedral with its bas reliefs by Lorenzo Maitani (1255-1330) and also a chapel decorated with frescoes by Luca Signorelli (1441-1523) and Fra Giovanni da Fiesole – “Beato Angelico” (1387-1455) whose tomb is at S. Maria sopra Minerva in Roma and who was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1984.
Bolsena is also not far, with the church and tomb of St. Christina where there is also a fine small catacomb you can visit.